Smoking can have harmful effects on your skin and joints, increasing the risk and severity of the scaling skin disease psoriasis, and the arthritis that often accompanies it –psoriatic arthritis (PsA)．一些研究已经发现了吸烟和银屑病关节炎之间的联系，但需要进一步的研究来更好地理解因果关系。
In a 2014 study published inAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases,researchers in Denmark investigated the smoking-psoriatic arthritis connection in 1,388 psoriatic arthritis patients from a nationwide registry. They found that compared with non-smoking psoriatic arthritis patients, smoking PsA patients had worse self-reported disease. Smokers also had shorter treatment adherence (meaning they didn’t follow their prescribed treatment plan for as long) and a poorer response to treatment.
Other studies have shown more negative effects of smoking on psoriatic arthritis. A Swedish study examining the effects of smoking habits in 1,185 people with psoriatic arthritis, for example, found that both current and past smokers reported worse pain and fatigue and more painful regions than those who had never smoked. The study, published in 2015 inClinical Rheumatology, also found that smokers reported worse health overall; however, the authors note that impaired health status could also be an effect of other smoking-related problems, like lung function.
英国的一项研究调查了PsA确定的人群身体功能不良的预测因素，发现吸烟、诊断年龄较大和诊断延迟都对患者的长期身体功能有类似的负面影响。The study of 267 patients who had had psoriatic arthritis for 10 years or longer was published inAnnals of the RheumaticDiseases in 2012.
A 2011 study published by U.S. researchers inAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseasesshowed that smoking not only was associated with severe psoriatic arthritis and worse outcomes, but that it may play a role in the disease’s development as well.
Harvard researchers evaluated the association between smoking and the incidence of psoriatic arthritis among 94, 874 participants in large study of female health professionals who completed health-related questionnaires every two years for 14 years. The researchers identified 157 women who developed psoriatic arthritis during the time they were in the study. The risk was greater for those who currently or previously smoked. In fact, those who were smokers at the start of the study were three times as likely to develop psoriatic arthritis as those who never smoked. For past smokers the picture was a little better – but not much. They had a 50 percent greater risk compared to those who had never smoked. The greatest risk of developing PsA was among those who smoked the most, the researchers found.
None of the studies explain how smoking increases the risk or severity of disease, nor do they predict if or how much quitting smoking might help existing disease. The lower rate of psoriatic arthritis in past than current smokers in the Harvard study, however, suggests that kicking the habit might reduce your risk of developing psoriatic arthritis in the first place.
Regardless, researchers say giving up cigarettes is worthwhile because of the many health benefits it offers. Improvements in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis may well be among them.
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The chemicals in cigarettes harm your heart and blood vessels in different ways. Second hand smoke is the smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe. Second hand smoke also refers to smoke that’s breathed out by a person who is smoking.